运动乐趣如何促进农村偏远地区儿童青少年的心理健康?——积极情绪拓建作用检验

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨运动乐趣对偏远地区儿童青少年抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题的预防缓解影响,并探析自尊、生命意义感心理资源和体育乡村支教人力资源在其间可能的链式中介作用和调节作用。方法: 采用运动乐趣量表、自尊量表、生命意义感量表、流调中心抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表对8 810名偏远地区儿童青少年进行调查,采用每万人拥有志愿者人数作为体育乡村支教人力资源的评价指标。结果: 运动乐趣对偏远地区儿童青少年自尊和生命意义感的正向影响显著(p<0.001),运动乐趣对抑郁和焦虑的负向影响显著(p<0.001);在运动乐趣影响偏远地区儿童青少年抑郁和焦虑的过程中,自尊、生命意义感的链式中介效应显著,总间接效应贡献率为70.2%和61.6%;体育乡村支教人力资源在运动乐趣和自尊的关系中起调节作用。结论: 运动乐趣既直接预防和缓解偏远地区儿童青少年的抑郁和焦虑问题,还通过发展学生的自尊和生命意义感,从而减少抑郁和焦虑;体育乡村支教人力资源越充足,运动乐趣对偏远地区儿童青少年心理健康促进作用越强。基于此,从加强运动乐趣的战略意义认识,推动体育、教育及卫生健康等部门的深度融合,开展体育支教志愿服务行动,推进多学科综合、高校-体育和教育部门-中小学协同促进农村偏远地区儿童青少年积极心理发展等方面提出建议。

关键词: 运动乐趣, 体育乡村支教, 儿童青少年, 自尊, 生命意义感, 抑郁, 焦虑

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical activity enjoyment on self-esteem, sense of meaning in life, depression, and anxiety among rural children and adolescents. It examined the chain mediating and moderating effect of self-esteem, sense of meaning in life, and rural sports volunteer teaching. A survey was carried out among 8 810 rural children and adolescents using tools including the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Depression Scale of Center for Epidemiologic Studies, and General Anxiety Disorder Scale. The number of volunteers per 10 000 people served as an evaluation index for rural sports volunteer teaching resources. The results showed that physical activity enjoyment significantly and positively influenced self-esteem and sense of meaning in life (p<0.001), while significantly reducing depression and anxiety among rural children and adolescents (p<0.001). During the process of physical activity enjoyment affecting depression and anxiety, the chain mediation effect of self-esteem and sense of meaning in life was notable, with a total indirect effect contribution rate of 70.2% and 61.6%. Additionally, rural sports volunteer teaching resources moderated the impact of physical activity enjoyment on self-esteem. Physical activity enjoyment could directly and indirectly improve the mental health of rural children and adolescents. Not only did physical activity enjoyment directly alleviate depression and anxiety among rural children and adolescents, but it also reduced these issues by enhancing their self-esteem and sense of meaning in life. Moreover, increasing rural sports volunteer teaching resources amplified the positive effect of physical activity enjoyment on the mental health of rural children and adolescents. Based on this, suggestions were put forward from the strategic significance of strengthening physical activity enjoyment, promoting the deep integration of sports, education, health and other departments, carrying out sports teaching volunteer service actions, promoting interdisciplinary integration, and home-school-community collaboration to promote positive psychological development of children and adolescents in rural areas.

Key words: physical activity enjoyment, rural sports volunteer teaching, children, adolescent, self-esteem, sense of meaning in life, depression, anxiety

中图分类号:

G804.8

徐霞, 刘沣仪, 王志强, 郜卫峰, 陈蔚, 徐靖芮, 柳鸣毅, 黄佳瑷. 运动乐趣如何促进农村偏远地区儿童青少年的心理健康?——积极情绪拓建作用检验[J]. 武汉体育学院学报, 2025, 59(4): 68-79.

XU Xia, LIU Fengyi, WANG Zhiqiang, GAO Weifeng, CHEN Wei, XU Jingrui, LIU Mingyi, HUANG Jiaai. How Does Physical Activity Enjoyment Promote Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Rural Areas? Examining Broadening and Building Function of Positive Emotions[J]. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 2025, 59(4): 68-79.

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链接本文: http://xuebao.whsu.edu.cn/CN/

http://xuebao.whsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V59/I4/68

图/表 12

参考文献 63

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变量	性别		学段		独生子女		民族		民族
变量	男	女	小学	中学	是	否	汉族	少数民族	宽裕	一般	困难
人数	4 453	4 357	4 824	3 986	1 954	6 856	7 720	1 090	754	6 669	1 387
百分比(%)	50.545	49.455	54.756	45.244	22.179	77.821	87.628	12.372	8.558	75.698	15.743

变量	性别		学段		独生子女		民族		民族
变量	男	女	小学	中学	是	否	汉族	少数民族	宽裕	一般	困难
人数	4 453	4 357	4 824	3 986	1 954	6 856	7 720	1 090	754	6 669	1 387
百分比(%)	50.545	49.455	54.756	45.244	22.179	77.821	87.628	12.372	8.558	75.698	15.743

变量类型	变量名称	定义
被解释变量	抑郁	数值越大表明抑郁风险越严重
被解释变量	焦虑	数值越大表明个体的焦虑水平越高
核心解释变量	运动乐趣	数值越大代表运动乐趣水平越高
中介变量	自尊	数值越大表明个体的自尊水平越高
中介变量	生命意义感	数值越大代表生命意义感越强
调节变量	体育乡村支教人力资源	数值越大代表个体获得的体育乡村支教人力资源越多
控制变量	性别	男性为0,女性为1
	学段	小学为0,中学为1
	独生子女	是为0,否为1
	民族	少数民族为0,汉族为1
	家庭经济状况	宽裕为1,一般为2,困难为3;转换成虚拟变量

变量类型	变量名称	定义
被解释变量	抑郁	数值越大表明抑郁风险越严重
被解释变量	焦虑	数值越大表明个体的焦虑水平越高
核心解释变量	运动乐趣	数值越大代表运动乐趣水平越高
中介变量	自尊	数值越大表明个体的自尊水平越高
中介变量	生命意义感	数值越大代表生命意义感越强
调节变量	体育乡村支教人力资源	数值越大代表个体获得的体育乡村支教人力资源越多
控制变量	性别	男性为0,女性为1
	学段	小学为0,中学为1
	独生子女	是为0,否为1
	民族	少数民族为0,汉族为1
	家庭经济状况	宽裕为1,一般为2,困难为3;转换成虚拟变量

省(自治区)	HB	SN	SX	JL	JX	SC	NM	GS	GZ
支教志愿者人数	1 030	236	214	86	97	100	179	91	91
服务学生数	220 000	70 000	115 968	27 560	43 474	30 000	50 000	27 000	25 000
每万人拥有志愿者人数	46.82	33.71	18.45	31.20	22.31	33.33	35.80	33.70	36.40