体育运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的理论探新

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益存在技能类型上的差异性,大致呈现“开放性技能>封闭性技能”“序列性技能>连续性技能”的规律,但其背后的理论解释缺乏整合和创新。首先,回顾了运动促进执行功能效益的基础性理论和相关理论假说,在具身认知和运动技能学习阶段理论的基础上,提出了体育运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的整合性理论。该理论的主要观点是,通过增加运动的情境、互动等要素,引入组件、协调和动态复杂性较高的任务以诱发动作练习的可变性,提高学生运动技能学习的兴趣,促进灵敏和协调等神经高度控制的素质发展,使学生受到更多的认知刺激,促进其动作经验和执行功能效益的提高。该理论解释了运动进一步提升执行功能效益的路径,为后续运动干预实践和运动技能教学提供指导。其次,基于现有研究和社会需求,提出以下研究展望:(1)探讨运动促进执行功能效益的神经生理学机制及其在锻炼类型上的差异性,进一步检验“扩展的额顶整合理论”和“神经效率假说”;(2)根据整合性理论探索促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的方案,并检验方案在运动干预定量证据上的适用性;(3)改进封闭性技能的学练活动,开展提升封闭性技能促进执行功能效益的教育实践,发挥封闭性技能教学的育人效益。

关键词: 体育运动, 执行功能, 运动技能, 儿童青少年, 脑科学

Abstract:

The executive function benefits of exercise for children and adolescents are differentiated by skill types, with a pattern of “open skills > closed skills” “sequential skills > continuous skills”. However, the theoretical explanations behind this lack integration and innovation. In this research, the foundational theories and related theoretical hypotheses of the benefits of exercise for executive function were reviewed, and an integrative theory of the benefits of exercise for executive function in children and adolescents was proposed, based on embodied cognition and sport skills learning stage theory. The main idea of this theory was to induce the variability of action practice by adding elements such as the context and interaction of sports, and introducing tasks with high component, coordination and dynamic complexity, so as to improve the interest of student activism in learning sports skills, promote the development of highly controlled qualities such as agility and coordination, help the students meet more cognitive challenges, and promote the improvement of their action experience and executive function benefits. The theory explained the pathways by which exercise further enhanced executive functions benefits and provided guidance for subsequent exercise intervention practice and sport skills instruction. Based on the existing research and social needs, the future researches were to explore the neurophysiological mechanisms of exercise to promote executive function benefits and their differences in exercise types, to further test the “Extended Frontoparietal Integration Theory” and the “Neuroefficiency Hypothesis”, to explore the programs to promote the executive function benefits of children and adolescents according to the integration theory, to test the applicability of the programs on the quantitative evidence of the exercise interventions, to improve the learning and practicing activities of the closed skills and to conduct the educational practice of improving the executive function benefits of the closed skills, so as to bring into full play the educational benefits of the teaching of the closed skills.

Key words: sports, executive function, sport skill, children and adolescent, brain science

中图分类号:

G80-05

史鹏, 辛飞, 张丁毅, 查晓璐, 王文超, 晋腾, 张凯, 唐炎. 体育运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的理论探新[J]. 武汉体育学院学报, 2023, 57(11): 75-83.

SHI Peng, XIN Fei, ZHANG Dingyi, et al. A Theoretical Exploration of Benefits of Physical Exercise in Promoting Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents[J]. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 2023, 57(11): 75-83.

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链接本文: http://xuebao.whsu.edu.cn/CN/

http://xuebao.whsu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V57/I11/75

图/表 2

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