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武汉体育学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 58-66.

• 武术与民族传统体育学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国武术“势”之“虚实”的本质破译与现实启示

张自立1, 张长念2   

  1. 1.邯郸学院 太极文化学院,河北 邯郸 056005
    2.首都体育学院 武术与表演学院,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-14 修回日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 张长念(1980-),男,安徽萧县人,博士,副教授。研究方向:武术文化与发展。
  • 作者简介:张自立 (1988-),男,江苏徐州人,硕士,讲师。研究方向:武术技击与理论。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(16BTY112);邯郸市哲学社会科学规划研究课题(W2023279);邯郸学院青年项目(XS2022302)

Return of Rationality and Law: Interpretation of Essence of “Voidness and Solidness” of “Strength” of Chinese Wushu and Enlightenments

ZHANG Zili1, ZHANG Changnian2   

  1. 1. School of Taiji Culture, Handan Univ., Handan 056005, China
    2. College of Wushu and Performance, Capital Univ. of P.E. and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2022-10-14 Revised:2023-10-25 Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-11-29

摘要:

“避实击虚”是中国武术对战的底层谋略,对“虚实”本质的先行破译,不仅可明晰身体武技内核发生与运行的微观原理,具化其技以载道的理法境界,亦可为当下竞技武术打法模式的扩展与深化提供导向性的基础理论。通过文献资料法、逻辑归纳法、比较分析法等方法,在回归传统语境下的前提下,以具体的人体“势”技术为切入点,结合现代体育科学归纳分析博弈双方“势”与“失势”的外在身体姿势现象与内在人体力学规律。研究发现“势实”与“势虚”在攻防能力上的优劣差异分别对应着人体运动力学中的平衡与失衡状态。人体平衡力学状态上的差异意味着自身稳定性的差异,继而影响到人体外在姿势结构与内在劲力系统的合理性与稳定性,其是最终导致攻防动作技能优劣的根本原因。因而认为武术“实”的本质是人体处在较高稳定性的基础上拥有合理且稳定的姿势结构与劲力系统的运动状态;“势虚”的本质则是人体因失稳导致身体不具备合理且稳定的姿势结构与劲力系统的运动状态。现代武术徒手对抗运动应回归近身“控虚”的传统经典格斗理念,形成以“打控结合”的贯穿式优势打法以弥补现代散打的技术空白,进一步彰显传统武术的技术蕴意与特色。

关键词: 武术, 势, 虚实, 本质, 技击, 散打

Abstract:

“Avoiding the real and fighting against the weak” is the basic strategy of the Chinese Wushu. The interpretation of the essence of voidness and solidness cannot only clarify the micro principle of the occurrence and operation of the core of Wushu, embody the theoretical realm of its skills to carry out Tao, but also provide a basic theory for deepening the current competitive Wushu mode. Through literature study, logical induction and comparative analysis, on the premise of returning to the traditional context, the body posture and body mechanics law of strength and loss of strength of both sides of the game was analyzed. It was found that the advantages and disadvantages of “real strength” and “virtual strength” in attack and defense capabilities correspondent to the balance and imbalance state in human motion mechanics. The difference in the mechanical state of the external balance of the human body meant the difference in its own stability, which influenced the rationality and stability of the external posture and force system of the human body. It was the fundamental reason that ultimately led to the quality of the action skills in the attack and defense. Therefore, the essence of Wushu strength was that the human body had a reasonable and stable posture and strength system on the basis of high stability. The essence of strength deficiency was that the human body did not have a reasonable and stable posture and the movement state of the force system due to instability. On this basis, it was suggested that the unarmed combat of modern Wushu should return to the traditional classical fighting concept of close quarters “finding the opponent’s weakness and control” in order to form an advantage playing method of “combination of attack and control” to make up for the technical gap of modern Sanda, and to further highlight the technical implication and characteristics of the traditional Wushu.

Key words: Wushu, strength, voidness and solidness, essence, technical attack, Sanda

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